在學習英語語法時，定語從句是一個重要的組成部分。定語從句用來修飾名詞，提供關于該名詞的更多信息。理解如何使用關系代詞來引導定語從句，對于提高英語表達能力至關重要。關系代詞如who, whom, whose, that 和 which 不僅代表前面的名詞，還將從句與其修飾的詞連接起來，同時在從句中擔任不同的語法角色。這些關系代詞的使用規則涉及到主語、賓語和介詞賓語等不同情況。

<例句>

I met someone who said he knew you.

我遇到一個人，他說他認識你。

<語法分析>

關系代詞 who 代表 someone，又引導從句修飾它，同時又在從句中擔任主語。關系代詞 who, whom, whose, that和 which可以用來引導定語從句，這類代詞都起著三重作用，一是代表前面的名詞，二是把從句和它所修飾的詞連接起來，三是在從句里也擔任一個成分。who 和 whom 都代表人，who 在從句中作主語，whom在從句中作賓語或介詞賓語。whose在從句中可以作定語。that可以代表人或物，which 只能代表物在從句中可充當主語、賓語或介詞賓語等。

<觸類旁通>

(1) The noise that she made woke everybody up.

她弄出的聲音把大家都吵醒了。

語法分析：that 代表 noise，又引導從句修飾它，在從句中擔任 made 的賓語。

(2) She saw something in the paper which might interest you.

她在報紙上看到的一些消息，或許會使你感興趣。

語法分析：which 代表 something, 又引導從句修飾它，在從句中擔任主語。

(3) The girl with whom I was travlling didn't speak English.

和我一起旅行的那個女孩不會講英語。

語法分析：whom 代表人，在從句中作賓語或介詞賓語。

(4) I saw a film whose name I have forgotten.

我看了一部電影， 名字卻忘了。

語法分析：whose 有時指無生命的東西。

(5) Who's the man (that) you were talking to?

剛才和你講話的人是誰?

語法分析：在從句作賓語時，that常可以省略。

(6) The situation in which she found herself was very difficult.

她的處境非常困難。

語法分析：在緊跟介詞時，只能用which，不能用that，而且不能省略。

<鞏固練習>

1. The man _____ robbed her has been arrested.

2. The man _____ I saw told me to come back tomorrow.

3. I know a girl _____ mother is an acrobat.

4. He _____ would eat the fruit must climb the tree.

5. The dog _____ was lost has been found.

6. She invited us to dinner, ______ was very kind of her.

7. My dog, ______ temper is very uncertain, often bites judges at dog show.

8. The man from ______ I brought it told me to read me instructions.

<參考答案>

1. who 2. whom 3. whose 4. that 5. which 6. which 7. whose 8. whom